8/19/2023 0 Comments Tardigrade carbon backbone![]() ![]() ![]() Interaction networks are increasingly used in current research to integrate various data sources. Multiple high-throughput data sets ranging from genomic over transcriptomic to proteomic data nowadays allow to analyse organisms and diseases in an integrated fashion. Here we propose an integrative network approach to trace changes in tardigrade metabolism and identify pathways responsible for their extreme resistance against physical stress. ![]() tardigradum including state specific data from active and tun state. ![]() Additionally we integrated expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from M. To examine this, metabolites were measured in a time series by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The emphasis of this paper lies on the integrated analysis of metabolism during dehydration and the subsequent rehydration. In tardigrades few metabolites have been analysed including carbohydrates that stabilize the membrane in the dry state or give protection and stress resistance. The tardigrade species Milnesium tardigradum was analysed during tun formation, which was induced by dehydration. In this analysis we investigate the metabolic mechanisms of anhydrobiosis. The tardigrade is a striking case as the whole animal phylum (most species) can undergo at least four types of cryptobiosis: anhydrobiosis (lack of water), anoxybiosis (lack of oxygen), cryobiosis (freezing) and osmobiosis (high solute concentration). All of these organisms are apparently able to prevent or repair damage under cryptobiosis. Other invertebrate taxa that undergo cryptobiosis to escape damage to cellular structures and cell death are nematodes and rotifers. All metabolic activity decreases during tun formation up to a complete cessation of measurable metabolism until environmental conditions improve and the tardigrade returns to its active state (see Figure 1). They outlast these conditions in an inactive form, called tun state or cryptobiosis. Tardigrades are multicellular organisms, resistant to extreme environmental changes including desiccation, freezing and radiation. With sparse and diverse data available, the presented integrated metabolite network approach is suitable to integrate all existing data and analyse it in a combined manner. spermidine) and reactions and provides first insights into important altered metabolic pathways. The functional module identifies relationships among changed metabolites (e.g. glycolysis and amino acid anabolism) during the tun formation, the production of storage metabolites and bioprotectants, such as DNA stabilizers, and the generation of amino acids and cellular components from monosaccharides as carbon and energy source during rehydration. It resembles the cessation of a measurable metabolism (e.g. The module is enriched in reactions showing significant changes in metabolite levels and enzyme abundance during the transition. Using this combined information, we identify a key subnetwork (functional module) of concerted changes in metabolic pathways, specific for de- and rehydration. The edges are scored according to information on enzymes from the EST data. Time course metabolite profiles are used to score the network nodes showing a significant change over time. We derive a tardigrade-specific metabolic network represented as an undirected graph with 3,658 nodes (metabolites) and 4,378 edges (reactions). In this study we propose a novel integrative approach for the analysis of metabolic networks to identify modules of joint shifts on the transcriptomic and metabolic levels. The aim of this integrated analysis is to trace changes in tardigrade metabolism and identify pathways responsible for their extreme resistance against physical stress. Additionally expressed sequence tags are available, especially libraries generated from the active and inactive state. During this process and the subsequent rehydration, metabolites were measured in a time series by GC-MS. Cultures of the tardigrade Milnesium tardigradum were dehydrated by removing the surrounding water to induce tun formation. Tardigrades are apparently able to prevent or repair such damage and are therefore a crucial model organism for stress tolerance. They outlast these conditions in an inactive form (tun) to escape damage to cellular structures and cell death. Tardigrades are multicellular organisms, resistant to extreme environmental changes such as heat, drought, radiation and freezing. ![]()
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